Church law for special cases

 

[2:00 PM, 10/20/2019] صفوان: Question 1 options:

allowed just about anybody to become a bishop or cardinal

granted exemption from taxes

promised that some or all of an individual's sins would be forgiven

bent Church law for special cases, like incestuous marriages or divorce

Question 2 (1 point)

All of the following statements about Martin Luther are true except

Question 2 options:

he was a professor at the university at Wittenberg

he wanted the Bible available in German

he was unwilling to compromise with the pope

he believed that priests should not be allowed to get married

Question 3 (1 point)

One of Henry VIII’s principal reasons for taking control of the Church in England was

Question 3 options:

he objected to the doctrine of transubstantiation

he converted to Lutheranism

it would give him an excuse to abolish Parliament

he wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon

[2:02 PM, 10/20/2019] صفوان: Question 4 (1 point)

The central idea behind the religion of John Calvin was “predestination.” What does “predestination” mean?

Question 4 options:

all humans will go to heaven after death

all humans will go to hell after death

the same thing as "justification by faith"

nothing you do can change your fate in the afterlife; your fate is decided before you are born

Question 5 (1 point)

What did the Cardinal Richelieu mean by the phrase “reason of state”?

Question 5 options:

the well-being of the state was more important than individual interests

governments could do whatever they wanted

all citizens had basic human rights

governments should be accountable to the people

Question 6 (1 point)

In the 95 Theses,

Question 6 options:

Calvin publicized his differences with Luther

Luther proclaimed the creation of the Lutheran Church

Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther

Luther stated his objections to the sale of indulgences

Question 7 (1 point)

Which of the following best summarizes Richelieu’s reforms?

Question 7 options:

Richelieu’s ultra-Catholic policies drove all Protestants from France

Richelieu was a corrupt incompetent, and eventually he was assassinated

Richelieu’s policies broke the power of the nobility and increased royal authority

Richelieu was a popular man, since his reforms were gradual and gentle

Question 8 (1 point)

The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572 was

Question 8 options:

a mass slaughter of Catholics in the city of Paris

a mass slaughter of Huguenots (Protestants) in the city of Paris

the event that started the Thirty Years' War

Question 9 (1 point)

Which philosophe was responsible for the infamous phrase “GOD: see ‘Superstition’”?

Question 9 options:

Diderot

Bayle

Beccaria

Voltaire

Question 10 (1 point)

What kind of government would most philosophes have preferred?

Question 10 options:

absolute monarchy, like that of France

true democracy, in which all people have a vote

a theocracy—the state is governed by the Church

a parliamentary government, like that of Britain

Question 11 (1 point)

When the Polish astronomer Copernicus found that his research did not support the theories of Ptolemy, he proposed

Question 11 options:

the first realistic theory of gravity

that the universe was geocentric

that the universe was heliocentric

the three “laws of planetary motion”

Question 12 (1 point)

When Parliament rose up against the king of England in the English Civil War, they were objecting to

Question 12 options:

the king’s attempts to rule and tax without Parliament’s consent

the king’s attempts to rule as a military dictator

the king’s intolerance of Catholicism

Question 13 (1 point)

"Enlightened despots” were

Question 13 options:

18th-century monarchs who tried to put Enlightenment ideals into action

philosophes who wanted to seize political power and rule as dictators

men like Voltaire, who tried to “rule” the intellectual elite

philosophes who favored the “despotism of the people”

Question 14 (1 point)

How did most philosophes feel about religion?

Question 14 options:

all forms of Protestantism were OK, but Catholicism was heresy

all forms of Christianity were acceptable, but non-Christian religions shouldn’t be tolerated

all religions were equally ridiculous, and therefore all should be tolerated

all religions were equally ridiculous, and therefore all religions should be outlawed

Question 15 (1 point)

It could be said that the general goal of the philosophes was

Question 15 options:

to overthrow governments through violent revolution

the practical application of knowledge to human society, politics, and the economy

to protect traditional values, like the Christian faith

to introduce new agricultural techniques to the French peasantry

Question 16 (1 point)

Which of the following statements about Louis XIV is most appropriate?

Question 16 options:

he was an indecisive weakling, who left the task of governance to Richelieu

he was a brutal incompetent, and was eventually overthrown in the French Revolution

he helped to give France prosperity and efficient government, at least in the first years of his reign

his reign brought order, wealth, and nearly permanent peace to France

Question 17 (1 point)

All of the following statements about the philosophes are true except

Question 17 options:

they were more like “activists” than scientists

they were revolutionary in many ways, but never questioned the Catholic faith

they believed that the French government did not promote human freedom

they believed that universal education was necessary for universal happiness

Question 18 (1 point)

Which of the following ideas did Cesare Beccaria endorse in his book On Crimes and Punishments?

Question 18 options:

use of the death penalty to punish religious crimes

use of torture to extract confessions from accused criminals

complete abolition of the death penalty

use of imprisonment as a means of rehabilitating criminals

Question 19 (1 point)

Colbert was responsible for all of the following developments in France except

Question 19 options:

repealing all of Richelieu’s reforms

reducing the tax burden on most French subjects

balancing the French national budget

trimming unnecessary expenditures from the royal budget

Question 20 (1 point)

What ultimately wrecked the positive reforms of Louis XIV’s government?

Question 20 options:

his disputes with the papacy

the king’s habit of taxing without Parliament’s approval

his frequent wars of aggression against the other European powers

his toleration of the Huguenots

Question 21 (1 point)

The philosophe most famous for promoting “separation of powers” in government was

Question 21 options:

Rousseau, in his book Essay concerning human understanding

Montesquieu, in his book Spirit of the Laws

Beccaria, in his book On Crimes and Punishments

Voltaire, in his book Candide

Question 22 (1 point)

Which of the following ideas was originally proposed by Johannes Kepler?

Question 22 options:

the universe was heliocentric

planetary orbits were perfectly circular

planets moved at constant velocities

 

planetary orbits were elliptical

Question 23 (1 point)

What was “deism”?

Question 23 options:

another word for French Catholicism

the belief in a caring, involved God

the notion that the future can be predicted by observing the stars and planets

the belief in an uninvolved “clockmaker” God, common amongst the philosophes

Question 24 (1 point)

For the philosophes, the main lesson of the Scientific Revolution was that

Question 24 options:

most governments sincerely tried to do what was best for all their subjects

the word of God was beyond question

human reason can unlock the secrets of life

the pursuit of knowledge was pointless

Question 25 (1 point)

The Starry Messenger was the title of

Question 25 options:

Galileo's book on the discoveries he made with his telescope

Brahe’s book on comets

Vesalius’ book on human anatomy

Copernicus’ book outlining his theory of a heliocentric universe

Question 26 (1 point)

Sir Francis Bacon believed that

Question 26 options:

science and faith should not mix; we should investigate the physical world using scientific principles

everything we need to know has been revealed to us in the Bible

science had already proven that Christianity was false

scientific investigation was OK, as long as scientists did not contradict the Bible or the Church

Question 27 (1 point)

The “Age of Religious Wars” demonstrates, among other things, that

Question 27 options:

in the 16th and 17th centuries, people were far less intelligent than they are today

Europeans, both Catholics and Protestants, were both intolerant and afraid of one another

“religion” was nothing more than excuse; all that European rulers wanted was more land and power

religion was only important to the lower classes

Question 28 (1 point)

Pope Paul III

Question 28 options:

was too frightened by Protestantism to do anything about it

personally converted to Calvinism, sparking a vicious controversy in the Church

decreed “death to all Protestants”

was a “reform” pope who tried to clean up the Catholic Church

Question 29 (1 point)

Which of the following factors did not aggravate the “price revolution”?

Question 29 options:

rapidly-dropping grain prices

massive imports of silver from the New World

frequent and expensive wars

a changing climate, which reduced food supplies

Question 30 (1 point)

Which of the following was a key Huguenot leader during the French Wars of Religion?

Question 30 options:

Catherine de’ Medici

Henry of Navarre

King Henry III of France

Henry, duke of Guise

Question 31 (1 point)

The Huguenot intellectual Jean Bodin thought that were the best forms of government, since they promoted ____.

Question 31 options:

theocracies; religious liberty

dictatorships; military security

absolute monarchies; law and order

democracies; freedom

Question 32 (1 point)

Why did absolute monarchy seem like a good idea to many Europeans in the 17th century?

Question 32 options:

it would allow freedom of the press

it would allow complete religious freedom

it would be able to maintain law and order

it would mean equal rights for peasants and other non-nobles

Question 33 (1 point)

Portugal’s main motivation in attempting to sail to India was the desire to

Question 33 options:

engage in the profitable Indian slave trade

conquer India and make it a Portuguese colony

find a shorter way to get to the Americas

dominate the trade in spices, silks, and other luxury goods from Asia

Question 34 (1 point)

Which of the following Catholic states fought alongside Protestant Sweden during the Thirty Years’ War?

Question 34 options:

France

Denmark

Spain

Bavaria

Question 35 (1 point)

Which of the following statements best describes the outcome of the French Wars of Religion?

Question 35 options:

Huguenots and Catholics fought several civil wars, and the Huguenots eventually achieved toleration

the noble families of Guise and Bourbon struggled for power, without result; religion was not a factor

Huguenots and Catholics united to overthrow the weak monarchy

the Catholic majority and the government eliminated Protestantism in France

Question 36 (1 point)

Spain’s greatest source of immediate wealth in the New World proved to be

Question 36 options:

spices

silver

exotic fabrics, like silk

sugar cane and tobacco

Question 37 (1 point)

“Limited monarchies” were governments in which the power of the king or queen

Question 37 options:

was shared with the nobility or institutions like Parliament

was absolute and unquestioned

was reduced to almost nothing by the spread of democratic ideas

was limited by a written constitution

Question 38 (1 point)

Which of the following statements best describes the state of European Protestantism during the “age of religious wars”?

Question 38 options:

most Protestants were ready to recognize the authority of the pope

 

all Protestants were united against the Catholic “threat”

Protestants feared Catholics, but the Protestant religions were divided

Lutherans and Catholics put aside their differences in order to fight Calvinists

Question 39 (1 point)

The idea that there is a contractual relationship between governments and the governed is called

Question 39 options:

absolutism

constitutionalism

contractualism

autocracy

Question 40 (1 point)

In the “Tennis Court Oath,” members of the Third Estate

Question 40 options:

executed the king and declared France a republic

demanded the end of the “Reign of Terror”

vowed not to disband until their voices were heard

demanded the same privileges as noblemen

Question 41 (1 point)

Which of the following was not a factor leading up to the French Revolution?

Question 41 options:

bad harvests in the 1780s

the Prussian conquest of France in 1787

resentment over noble privileges

the government’s huge debt

Question 42 (1 point)

In the “Great Fear” of 1789,

Question 42 options:

French sansculottes stormed the Bastille

French aristocrats ordered the massacre of the Third Estate representatives

French peasants rose up in rebellion against their noble landlords

the French monarchy put leading revolutionaries on trial for treason

Question 43 (1 point)

The politically-radical sansculottes comprised

Question 43 options:

lower clergy who were sympathetic to the plight of the peasantry and the urban poor

the younger members of the nobility

the French peasantry

the “lower middle” and working classes in the cities, like Paris

Question 44 (1 point)

Which of the following was NOT a reform or policy supported by the Jacobins in the French Revolution?

Question 44 options:

restricting the vote to "men of property"

a new "Revolutionary" calendar

the abolition of Christianity

national conscription, the levée-en-masse

Question 45 (1 point)

In 1500, most Europeans lived in a subsistence economy, meaning that they usually produced just enough food to survive and support their families.

Question 45 options:

                True

                False

Question 46 (1 point)

The Vendée was

Question 46 options:

the coup that nearly brought down the Directory in 1799

a counterrevolution during the French Revolution

the radical party in the French Revolutionary legislature, demanding universal manhood suffrage

the decree that ordered the complete mobilization of the French population in 1793

Question 47 (1 point)

Cardinal Mazarin, Richelieu's successor as first minister of France, quickly abolished all of the reforms that Richelieu had put into place.

Question 47 options:

                True

                False

Question 48 (1 point)

In The Spirit of the Laws, the Baron de Montesquieu argued in favor of

Question 48 options:

universal education

the abolition of all government

the separation of powers - legislative, executive, judicial

absolute power in the hands of an enlightened monarch

Question 49 (1 point)

In What is the Third Estate, the Abbé Sieyès argued that the commoners - the Third Estate - most truly represented the will of the French people.

Question 49 options:

                True

                False

Question 50 (1 point)

In the Declaration of Pillnitz, the king of Prussia and the emperor of Austria threatened to intervene in French affairs after the Revolution had begun.

Question 50 options:

                True

                False

Submit Quiz