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The point of this assessment is to convince us teaching
staff that you understand the strengths and limitations of research articles,
from the two types of research qualitative and quantative.
Those with eagle –eyes among us will that casp checklist is
only for qualitative and rct research articles however I encourage you to use
the qualitative casp checklist if your chosen quantative article is not an rct
The articles do not have to be on the same topic although
this may be easier if you already have an area of interest in mind and/or
experience in a given area
I,d suggest you use the casp checklist question as your
sub-headings in your report, unlike other assignment when I tell you to use the
criteria in the marking rubric as your sub-headings after all it is going to be
a report.
Criterion 4 includes discussing the validity of data
collection measures.
Criterion 5 relates to you understanding the potential
implications of what you reported before it.
Hope this helps.
Solution
Critical appraisal of clinical researches
Contents
Critical Appraisal:
This is a term used
for subjective writing because it helps to express the writer’s opinion about
the given paper, analysis refer to breakdown the parts of study and critical
means of reading the paper critically and
then writing exact information about the paper, this is an appropriate way to
express and evaluate the study done in paper. When a researcher submits his
paper to a journal, they send that paper
to their experts to check the authenticity of the paper and the nature of the study.
This report provides a critical analysis
of two papers, both are medical related studies which provides insights
regarding those health issues along with their possible solutions. Major keys
of critical analysis kept in mind while writing about both papers, proper
introduction, key points of the paper and
focal points are discussed in the paper.
Paper one is about tai chi and its effects of people who are suffering from fibromyalgia, every aspect regarding that paper is discussed
along with its methodology and results, whereas 2nd paper is about
dementia and role of family carers in their life, both papers are analysed
critically and in order to provide authentic information regarding both papers.
A critical appraisal of effect
of tai chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: competitive effectiveness
randomized controlled trail
Did the paper address clearly focus issue?
Yes, this paper discussed a relevant and important issue,
this study is based on a clinical trial
which allows people to get an insight of
this health issue along with its non-medical cure, this paper also provides
different visions about intervention in the field to make it helpful for
related people. This paper is quite good for a general
readership as well as it consists of some
strong scientific study which shows that how its impact on a human who is
going through Fibromyalgia.
Although there was no significant study related to this field was provided to
choosing this issue and providing a valid study in the field will contribute a
lot in the field, however, the issues were clearly focused and every related aspect
was focused throughout the study (Chenchen, et al., 2018)
Is the hypothesis stated clearly?
There is no proper hypothesis statement in the paper, or it
could be better to say that the hypothesis statement is not prominent, there
are some sections in the paper where researcher used an approach to address the
situation where he used the term
“hypothesized” to state their concept, these statements are used in different
portions of paper with the same context
that tai chi has a positive impact on
patients health which is better than aerobic exercise treatment. Although it
can be difficult for some readers to get an insight
of that statement on the first go, but later it can explain the relation of
statements in the stated segments (Chenchen, et al., 2018) .
Is that study original?
Yes, this study is based on a true health issue and the different effects of its two different non-medicated
treatments. Every concept stated in this paper is authentic, this research
paper will be helpful for other researchers as well. this paper discussed the
impact of tai chi on people who are going through fibromyalgia, researchers
provided another approach, aerobic, which may affect their health. Collection
of data was based on true methodology; results were concluded after going
through the whole process. This study shows that authentic approaches are used
to come up with suitable results which may contribute to the clinical field. Staff
used in this research was also authentic which helps to provide the best
possible facility to make this research beneficial for the population.
Design of study?
The design used in
this study is prospective, researchers have used the randomized approach to
ensure its benefits to every person who goes
through this medical condition. Overall this research was done in 52 weeks,
other than that, this trail was the single-blinded
approach of comparative effectiveness. Researchers selected the observation
method to assess the situation of patients, there were two groups of people
suffering from fibromyalgia,
one group was treated by aerobics while other was treated with tai chi. Both
groups were treated equally expect the given intervention, both get the same amount of treatment, expect a
group who was given treatment twice in a week to show its results. The results
showed that people who were treated with tai chi shoes more improvement than
those who were treated with aerobic exercise. Although this method was used for
a year it was assured in the whole process that sample will be treated
accurately to ensure exact results (Chenchen, et al., 2018) .
Was this design appropriate?
Yes, this design was appropriate according to the research
type. Nature of study requires this type of design to ensure the authenticity
and accuracy of the research study. Selection of sample and its size was
appropriate for this study, timeline used for this research is adequate to
ensure the long-lasting results of treatment on people. This research is not a
single day practice, researchers spent a lot of time on the process to get the right results without any minor issue. The
research design was appropriate for another reason that time of 52 weeks
requires this type of method to assess the data and observe the changes, which
later helps in analysing and conclusion procedure. This design helps
researchers by providing ease of accuracy.
Were participants blinded in this
research?
It was clearly mentioned in the paper that research was
totally blinded regarding treatment allocation, every involved member e.g.
nurses, health workers, and patients were blinded. Staff was blinded because
they were the key members who have to conduct the baseline and they have to follow up
on the assessment as well. This allows
for getting results without any
biased report. In this research paper, it
was somehow necessary to maintain that scenario, as it was a clinical trial, perception
of any participant may affect this study, that may end up in a biased result.
Using blinded technique researcher ensured that they are providing the actual
insight of the whole study without any
interruption of someone else’s perspective.
Was the treatment assigned and patients were randomized?
Yes, the sample was
selected randomly, the researcher may be used this paper to make this sure
that, this research paper is free from any involvement of personal perception
throughout the procedure of research. Sample in the study was random which
ensure that the study is not biased and not focusing on any single group,
results of this study can be implemented on anyone from the population. Three trails of that study were
randomized, while the other three was non-randomized, but both show the same results of the study. Selecting
that medium nay allows them to get results with ease and accuracy. The treatment selected for this sample was also
implemented randomly, on both groups.
Aside
from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally?
Yes, every group in this research was treated equally, it
can be seen in the paper that the researcher
provided the same resources to all groups
but the experimental intervention. The idea
of treating every group equally was accurate, this allows them to treat every
person equally. By ensuring the similarities in both groups researchers reduced
the ratio of any difference which may cause a problem
in the result of the research paper.
There were groups which were treated randomly and some which were treated
nonrandomly, nature of treatment also varies along with the timing of
treatment. A group of patients was treated with tai chi once in a week while other was treated twice in a week, this
approach was used to check out the result of excessive treatment. Randomizing
similar groups allows confounding factors in the trail, this paper also based
on the same approach, researchers work on this method which helps them in gaining
the exact results without any disturbing factor which attributed in treatment
of patients.
Were all clinical outputs
considered?
Results from this research are addressed appropriately in
this paper, every clinical output is considered while setting the research and
conclusion of the study. True clinical
approaches were used in the paper to assure the right explanation of
intervention done in the paper. This research paper throughout maintained its
style and every concept is addressed properly, which is helpful for the reader
to understand the outputs effectively.
Is data supporting the conclusion?
Data given in the research paper shows the accuracy in the
conclusion, the total conclusion is based
on the actual data, which shows that the process is followed thoroughly.
Conclusion described the fact that tai chi has a positive impact on the physical condition of the patient, its impact
is clearer and more beneficial for them, the same
thing is addressed in the data. Relation of data and conclusion can be seen
clearly in the paper, researchers efficiently
portray the right image of his research by keeping proper association with data
and the results.
Can results be applied to the local
population?
Yes, the results of
this research can be applied to the local
population, as this factor was already kept in mind before conducting the
research, that this paper will contribute to
clinical practices. Selecting random samples allows generating those results which can be applied to every person which is going through the same medical conditions approached in this
paper.
Critical appraisal of “Making decisions for people with dementia
who lack capacity: qualitative study of
family careers in UK”
A clear statement of the aim
The area of the paper is health care and it specifically targets the people who are suffering from
dementia and facing challenges regarding lack of capacity in decision making.
The chosen topic is quite important in health
care. As the people age, the number of dementia victim also increased because
often older people experience this illness. The patients who face dementia are
unable to make a decision on their own
and require the help of family members and close friends. Some countries allow
legislation proxy in decision making, enabling the family to make the decision on behalf
of people who are suffering from dementia. The problem of statement aims to
identify some decision that is common but
difficult to make by family members on behalf
of the patient. Further, the aim to
identify facilitator along with the barriers to
decision making in order to give proper care to avoid such barriers (Livingston,
et al., 2010) .
Assignments of patient treatment
The ethical perspective was quite the concern of the
researcher. For the individual interviews,
the constant of the respondent was getting
through the phone call. After the positive response by the respondent, the researcher sends the questioner
to them. Later on, on phone call researcher asked their constant, if they want
to give a response to these questions or
not. The participation of the people was completely voluntary. The topic is
very sensitive to the people who
participated in the research were provided detail information and the
importance of their participation. The researcher further mentioned that the
data collected for this study was completely used for the informative purpose
and there is no such detail regarding the collected data which is not mentioned
is the research paper. Furthermore, the research ethics and along with research
and development committees has given approval to this research study.
Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?
Yes. The nature of the research topic is descriptive and the
selected topic require in-depth
information. By using the qualitative
method, the research was able to get the individual
perspective of the people who are involved
in the concern phenomena the discussion with the respondents using qualitative
research has provided researcher different perspectives. The research design
chose for this study is very suitable.
Was the research design appropriate?
The researcher has used a qualitative
research design and related tools to carry out the research. But there is no
proper justification mentioned in the research paper that elaborates on what basis the researcher chose
qualitative research design and why the other designs are not appropriate for
the research. The research design is very important to conduct research because the whole research process
depends on it. The researcher should mention the appropriate justification for
using this design instead of only stating which design is used. There are certain criteria to chooses research design and the researcher
cannot select it on their own. The lacking of research design justification can
decrease the quality of the research
paper. Further, the researcher did mention the tools that will be used in the
research, there was more than one
qualitative method used in this study for data collection.
The recruitment strategy
In the research paper, the sample of the participant was 43 involving family cares of
the population with dementia, it was the
sample for focus group discussion. The
other 46 participants were those who had experience of making such decisions,
they were chosen for interviews. In the study, the career refers toward adult family
member or friend who gives unpaid
assistance to the dementia patients. For the interviews section, the career describes a respondent who had already made
decisions on behalf of a dementia patient. All the selected participants
were somehow connected with concern phenomena. The research has selected the
participant from diver’s socioeconomic characteristic to cover the range of
different experiences. For the selection of participant in the research study, the purposive sampling was used to
ensure the validity of the findings and it provided maximum variation in the
data.
Was the data collected addressed the
research issue?
The research study was
conducted in two phases, firstly an initial focus group discussion. The reason for using this method was to make a list of the common areas which are
reported to have more difficulties in decisions making on the behalf of
patients. While, in the second sitting
which was interviews, the domains were discussed that were gathered in the 1st
phase during the in-depth interviews individually. In the second phase, the researcher stopped the process of
recruiting at the point where the possibility of gathering new information becomes useless because the responses were
starts to repeat the same phenomena. The data collection
methods used in the research are quite suitable and provided detailed and
accurate primary data.
The relationship between the researcher and participants?
The researcher contacts the
respondent before conducting research and asked their constant. It is vital in
research to gain the trust of respondents in order to get accurate data. The
researchers often use small talks before the interview and focus group
discussion to break the ice and to make the respondent more comfortable with
the environment. However, in the research study,
the researcher did not mention such a method to develop the participants, researcher
relation. The contact prior to discussion and interviews regarding questioner
and the constant of the percipients may consider the indicator of developing
positive relationships. There should be a
better approach to approach the
respondents because at this level both researcher and participants are strange
to each other and this factor can lead to hesitant answers, which can affect
the reliability of the data.
Data Analysis
The data collected from the participants were recorded
digitally. The digital record of data is considered to be more reliable because
field notes or other manual records only give the information that the researcher has written and there is a possibility of missing important details.
Through the digital record, the
researcher can listen to the discussion and
interviews multiple time to ensure the key points. In the research paper, the digital record removes the identity
of the respondents and the researcher categorize them as respondent 1, 2 and so
on. Further, the researcher used Atlas.I 5.2 software, which is specifically used for
the qualitative research for coding and managing the spread data. After
converting the recorded data into understandable written form, the researcher
sends it to the participants in case if they want to alter or change anything. In
both phases the analysis was part of the iterative
process, the researcher used the preliminary
coding frame for initial interviews followed by a thematic analysis approach. Using different data analyzing approach
made decreases the chances of mistakes in the results.
Statement of findings
The research paper is very descriptive and provides detailed information about the topic.
However, one most important feature was seemed to be ignored by the researcher
which is clear statement t of findings. The findings of the research were
mentioned in the descriptive form and
there was no such section that sums up
all the aspects of findings. The research study totally based on the data
collection, analysis and other processes
that can lead it toward the findings. So, it is necessary to make a clear finding of statements. However, the
readers who critically study the research paper can have the proper idea about
the research paper, 2 qualitative methods were used in collecting data which
make it rather vast and the findings of each section are mentioned within
them. There should be a section in the
paper that gives a proper statement
regarding the findings.
Value of the research
The topic is quite researched
worthy and address a very important issue
regarding health. The patient of dementia faces
challenges because of lack of ability.
The family members, close friends, and professional had to step in to make a decision on their behalf. The study has shed light on a few barriers a
problem that people face while making decisions for dementia patients such as
legal: financial matters and so on. The
study has made a great contribution to the literature regarding this issue.
However, the significant of the study was missing in the paper. The researchers who conducted the study can explain
better its value but it was not mentioned
in this research paper.
Conclusion
Both research paper
was the same in the nature of research
design. Qualitative research allows the researcher
to use different methods in order to collect the data. In both of the papers, there were different qualitative
methods used such as observation, focus group discussion and in-depth
interviews. The observation method of qualitative research allowed the
researcher to gather accurate data instantly instead of predicting it later
with the collected data. Further, the
in-depth interviews and focus group discussion provided the research reliable
and accurate data about the concern phenomena. However, there were some
important research elements were missing such as positive relation between
researcher and participants, there was no
such method that was used to break the ice, the precise finding statements was
also missing along with the significance of the study. This absence of these elements can decrease the quality of the research paper.
References
Chenchen, W. et al., 2018. Effect of tai chi versus
aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia. comparative effectiveness randomized
controlled trial, 1(1), p. k851.
Livingston, G. G. L.
M. M. D. L. G. R. E. S., Bavishi, S., Shahriyarmolki, K. & Cooper, C.,
2010. Making decisions for people with dementia who lack capacity. qualitative
study of family carer, 341(4184), p. 1.
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