Initial Details
Research paper p
lease use the same topic(Venezuela) and follow the guideline to write the
second paper, Nile river,
Climate change, and Israel water policy are just examples for you to know
how to write it, my topic is Apple and US Book Publisher. and please attachment files
Thanks.
1925words
MLA Format
3 References
Revision instructions
are as follows:
INSTRUCTIONS NOT FOLLOWED:Hi, can you have a look at those 3 examples of paper 2, you
have to make a scale(0-100) for your actors from your paper, and you have to
put them at the correct position of the scale. and I request 7 pages. and I
only received 6 pages. Please add 1 page atleast, and add the scale. Thank you!
Thank
you for cooperation.
2. Paper 2 (15%):
Introduction and background of the issue and the 10 actors (6 – 10 pages, not
including references).
Submit into the text editor via
CANVAS.
Late paper/assignment policy: one letter grade per day. If the paper is due on
September 24, at 12:01 a.m. on September 25 there is an automatic one letter
grade deduction.
This is intended to be a research paper that covers (1) the history of the
issue, paying particular attention (2) to the main actors. There is
a minimum of 10 actors that must be included; (3) their
influence and positions on the issue, and (4) how the issue (and outcomes) have
evolved over time. This information will be used directly in Assignments
1 and 2, so take your time and do a good job. See the Purdue OWL for
proper citation (APA or MLA is acceptable; in-text or footnote citations are
both acceptable). Re-Read the “Executive Summary; Chapter 1, and Appendix
E of Eric Jesse’s “Future of Iran” to see an incredible example of a
brief background, history, and discussion of main actors. Obviously I am
not expecting this level, but if you need to see a great example – there it
is.
Your paper should do the following:
1.
Begin with a very short description of the issue and the
continuum. “In this paper I explore the issue of the future status of Iran’s nuclear
weapons program. I work with the following issue continuum….”
2.
Provide a detailed description and history of the issue.
What is the status quo, and how and why has that changed (or not) over
time? Focus in on what is being bargained over.
Remember, the forecasting model is designed to predict bargaining
outcomes. As such, it is not very good at, for example, predicting the
outcome of elections, since voters do not bargain with each other. Be
specific about the issue and the potential range of bargaining outcomes.
3.
Identify and discuss the main actors (Minimum of 10
actors). The list does not have to be exhaustive, but you need to demonstrate
that you are discovering the players, their influence, and their positions on
the issue – you have to do this anyway for Assignment #2). Explain each group
and why it is important. If you claim that President Obama’s position on
the issue of Assad’s future in Syria is a “20,” then what is the basis for the
rating? If it is a best guess (and sometimes we have to do that), then
explain to me the logic and evidence that goes into making the guess. You
are always better off establishing through solid research your rating of a
particular group. The key here is to be transparent. Be honest about
the process you took. Provide a history of the issue.
4.
Cite your sources, preferably in-text. You will also need
a bibliography.
Solution
Student name
Professor name
Course title
Date
Apple
and US Book Publishers
The history of the
case starts fromin 2007 when
Amazon introduced its first Kindle device. The
launch of Kindle created a major market for e-books. With the launch of Kindle, major e-book
online sellers started offering e books at price as low as $9.99. When
selling
e-books, Amazon used to follow ause
the
same
business strategy that is the same asit used in case offor
traditional printed books. In this strategy, the publisher used to suggest a
list price and for each book sold by Amazon, the publishers used to getgot
a wholesale price. In the very beginning, the cost of a digital e-book was 20%
lower than the printed book assince an e-book
saves the cost ofon printing,
binding,
and storing. The “$9.99 price” was viewed by many asan attempt to remain
dominant in the e-book industry. People also felt that this strategy caused
difficulty for other retailers to enter the market.
Table 1
Summary of Actor Positions and Infuence
|
Actor
|
Position
|
Influence/Capability
|
|
U.S Big
Publishers
|
20
|
50
|
|
Apple
and the iBook
|
40
|
70
|
|
New Business
Model
|
45
|
60
|
|
Most
Favored Nation Status
|
60
|
40
|
|
U.S supreme Court
|
30
|
65
|
|
U.S
Justice Department
|
35
|
75
|
|
Apple
fighting back
|
45
|
55
|
|
Apple
faces the trial
|
25
|
30
|
|
Apple
loses the case
|
50
|
55
|
|
The
E-book Customers
|
0
|
20
|
Figure 1 Position
Scale with Actors
E-book customers Most
favored Nation U.S
Big Publishers Apple & iBook U.S Justice Dept.
0 50 Business Model U.S Supreme Court 100
No Influence Apple faces trial Equal Influence
High
Influence
Apple fighting back Apple loses case
Figure 2
Influence Scale with Actors
Discussion
of the Main Actors
U.S. Big
Publishers
Five
major publishers Penguin Macmillan, HarperCollins, Hachette, and Simon &
Schuster found it very challenging as it wasthe
situation frustrating since they were used
to charge $25 to $35for hardcover books at $25 to
$35..
These publishers were scared of the fact that low prices offered for
the e-books may cause a decrease in their revenue
as
there will bedue to depreciation in their hardcover
book prices. SoTherefore,
these publishers plotted a schemecolluded to raise
the prices of the e-books.
U.S
Big Publishers can be considered on the scale of 50, as it has an equal
influence on the economy and the growth rate of the company, as it was
considered as one of the famous and popular publishers. It influenced the
prices of the e-books by colluding to raise the price which had a huge impact
on the e-book industry.
Apple and the iBook
In the meantime, Apple was planning
another business strategy of introducing its revolutionary iPad in the e-book marketingmarket in
2009, Apple needed a devoted market for “digital books” or a hardware device
that could be used for reading. At that time, Amazon controlled
90% of the e-book market was ruled by Amazon. The people at. Apple made a thorough
research and decided to launch its new product called the iPad. The
iPad was intended to offer not only an outstanding reading device but also a
hardware item that could be used to do manyfor other things
.While apurposes, while Amazon's Kindle offered by
Amazon could only be used for reading.
Apple and iBook can be scaled down to 70 as it was one of
the highest influencers on the e-book industry and Amazon. Most of the people
are now focused on reading online books, and they suggest to do it through
Apple and iBook. No one majorly focuses on e-book created by Amazon. It was
good initiative for Apple but a bad move for Amazon and highly influenced its
performance.
The
New Business Model
Apple, then proposed
to eliminate the wholesale business model and replace it with a new model.
In the new
model proposed by Apple, the retailer gets an amount as
commission for dispensing the e-books.in the model proposed by
Apple, eachEach publisher could then fix
the e-book price and could get 70%of the profit
from each e-book’s sale. Apple decided to keep the remaining 30% as commission.
Also, Apple allegedly tried to divide the content of the
digital market in such a way thatto drift the audio video content to drift towards Apple and e-books to Amazon. Apple reached out
to the publishers with the proposal of a new business model that would allow
publishers to set the prices, instead of retailers doing so. And Apple would thenplay the role of an “agent” and will claim a 30% commission.
Also there was a deal among,
Apple and the publishers that they
will made a deal not tobe selling their product at
cheap rates as compared to those offered byproducts cheaper than Amazon. So, with
the launch of iPad, Amazon was hit with a serious blow and was left with the
only option of raising prices. Otherwise it would become difficult for Amazon
to sell the e-book best sellers. Initially, Amazon tried to resist the idea of increasing the price
but soon it had to surrender to the situation and accept the new business
model.
The scheme of Apple worked well for them because
the new business model that suggested fixing the prices, proved to be very
successful. There was an increase ofThe average
boook
prices increases by $5 per unit in the price.. The following law
suit claims that millions of e-books were sold at prices as high as $12.99 or
$14.99 due to a deal between appleApple and the
publishers. They were able to take millions of dollars “extra” from the
customers.
The most considerable matter in this issue
was the most favored nation status, which the publishers decided to give to
Apple in their original deals. This
status meant that Apple will be able to offer prices as low as other retailers.
This
statusIt also ensured that other retailer
like Amazon was not able to offer lower prices.
The new business
model of Apple can be scaled as 60 as it also influenced the company and whole
industry by innovating a new model for dispensing the e-books. It allowed the
customers to get discounts for their e-books that influenced the productivity
of Amazon.
The
Most Favored Nation Status
Although
the publishers did not accept the allegations made against them yet,
three of them greedagreed to make a
deal with the government and pay over $50 million as compensation to the e-book
customers in the U.S. The director of
the Department of Justice’s antitrust division claimed that the deal is an
effort to reverse the damage caused by the conspiracy done bycollision
of
Apple and the reinstatement of the price competition will be pleasing for the
customers assince they will
be able to get e-books at lower prices. The deal resulted in the culmination of
the “most favored nation” agreement among Apple and the publishers. The end of
the deal would allow the retailers to offer e-books at reduced prices.
Apple and two other publishers refused to doaccept
the settlement. They did not admit the allegations made against them. Rather
theyplead guilty and announced that they
will resist.fight
the
agreement. The Department
of Justice also, however,
decided to carry on with the law suit strongly. They termed itIt
called
the
case as a case of gross anticompetitive behavior. The antitrust suit was filed against Apple by the Department
of Justice,and33 US states
and territories in April 2012. The Department of Justice did not ask for money damages.
But there was a class-action lawsuit against Apple and the remaining two
publishers. The purpose of the lawsuit was to deprive Apple and the publishers
of all the revenue generated due to the allegedly conspired deal among them.
The most favored
nation status can be scaled as 40 because the influence level is low. The
publishers didn’t accept the allegations that were made against them. The
damage was already done, so it did not further increased but continued as it
was before. This factor can be considered as one of the reason to scaling it as
40.
U.S Supreme Court
The US supreme court on refused to hear Apple’s challenge
to an appellate court decision.appeal, and Apple
was found guilty of playing a central role in making a conspiracy with five
other leading publishers. The court ordered Apple to pay $450m as part of a
settlement. An Apple spokesperson claimed that Apple was not part of any
deal of fixinginvolved in adjusting e-books prices,
and theythe company
termed the court decision as “disappointing”..”
Apple claimed that the court’s decision shows that they have failed to
determine the novelty of the idea introduced by Apple and the variety of options
offered to the customers.
The US Supreme Court can be considered as 65 in the scaling of
influence, as its decision had a positive influence on the e-book industry. Its
decision to pay $450 as a part of the settlement influenced the productivity of
the other party.
The US Justice Department
The head of
the US Justice Department’s antitrust division claimed, on the other hand, that
Apple has deliberately made a deal with the publishers to raise the prices and
termed the agreement between Apple and the publishers as a proof of “cynical
misconduct” on the part of the publishers as well as Apple.
Apple did not accept the allegations and showed
determination to fight against the lawsuit, claiming that they the company did not do anything wrong.
According to Apple, the eBooks stores launched by Apple have proved to be beneficial, frombeneficial both for the expert authors toand the new and aspiring writers. Apple also announced that theyit will not pay the settlement amount if they areit is acquitted from the appeal court.
The U.S justice department can be scaled 75 as it
played a great role in making an agreement between Apple and other publishers.
It had a highly positive influence on the publishers and their productivity as
it helped the publishers to return to the normal prices.
Apple Fighting Back
The amount of $400m,
which has to be paid by Apple was barely 1% of the $37bn (£22bn)), which Apple earned in 2014. SoTherefore, the lawyers of the plaintiffs were hoping that the
amount got from Apple will be double the
damage caused to the customers.
Apple fighting back can be considered and scaled as 55 as it does not
have a major influence on the publishers. The cost paid by the company caused
damaged to the customers, and Apple lost its customer loyalty. Other publishers
was not highly influenced by Apple fighting back.
Apple
Faces the Trial
A trial
started where Apple appeared in the court facing the allegations made by the US
departmentDepartment of justiceJustice for being involved into a conspiracy with five major
publishers to increase the price of e-books. Initially the company was not
facing any danger of being
imposed with a apart from
the fine. The US departmentDepartment of justiceJustice wanted to ensure that the involved companies and the
publishers do not involveengage into similar practices in the future. Three of the
publishers agreed to pay a settlement amount,
while Apple decided to face the trial.
During
the trial, some critical evidence
was presented before the court. There was an email in whichIn one of the emails,
Apple’s CEO was telling the head of News Group owned by Harper Collins about the deal the companyy
made with the publishers. The email content verified that Apple had told the
publishers to go foraccept a new business strategy that will cost the customers of the e-books an increased price for the products.extra money. Steve Jobs also
stated in the email that Apple would get a 30% commission out of this deal.
The Cchief
Eexecutive Officer Tim
Cook said that Apple had decided to not go for any settlement rather they
would prefer to fight the case. The company claimed
that they
it were was not
involved in any illegal practices.
The suit originally accused Apple of trying to put a stop to ever increasing
dominance of Amazon to the e-books market.
Apple claimed that there it was no
plotting against anyone, and it was an autonomous decision taken of the
companyby Apple. However, the charges against
Apple said that two of the publishers encouraged Apple to use the new strategy
of introducing new retail price.
District judge Denise Cote, who was
hearing the case without a jury, emphasized that the company should settle and
pay the amount. She claimed that during
the trial, some facts will be presented that will prove Apple’s central role in
plotting the conspiracy that resulted in increase of the prices of the e-books.
She also said that Apple would have to face serious damages if found involved
in the conspiracy. The publishers Penguin Group, Harper Collins, Simon &
Schuster, and Hachette and Macmillan had already
settled to pay a total of $164m (£107m) and agreed to lift the ban imposed by
them on offering the discounted prices for the e-books.
Apple
Loses the Case
Three years after a court convicted apple of illegally
increasing prices of the e-books, customers started to get their money back, which
they had lost due while to buying
overpriced e-books. Booksellers were instructed to pay return the
moneyback to the customers’ buy
crediting their accounts. Although Apple denied accepting all the
charges, still the company settled to pay return the
moneythe amount.
In the Apple’s settlementagreed by
Apple, the company y were was supposed
to return the money it got received by
selling the e-books of the publishers fromApril 1st,
2010 to May 21st, 2012. The Apple paid amount of $6.93
was for each decided to
be paid for a New York Times bestseller and $1.57 for all other
books. This was twice the amount actually overpaid by the customers.
The
E-book Customers
The case,
which was started in 2012 is brought an end
to the
case against Apple’s manipulations. Apple was charged with the accusations of
being a central player of a conspiracy. Where Tthree
publishers settled with the government, Apple but decided to
fight
the accusations. While some of the publishers gave up and decided
to settle. Apple took the case to court. In 2013, however, Apple was unable
to win lost the case. Apple went for appeal
to Supreme Court and lost the case there too. Losing the case meant that the
company had to pay the settled amount. The amount included of $400 million payable to
the customers and $50 million for the litigation fee
. The
settlement is a huge win for Amazon as well. Amazon took advantage by making
the deal public. The company termed this settlement as a huge triumph for the
Kindle users who would be able to read e-books at amazingly low cost.
Work
Cited
United States v. Apple Inc., 791 F.3d 290 (2d
Cir. 2015. Accessed ) Retrieved on Sept. ember 25, 2019
“Apple
is oOn
the Hook for the
$450m Settlement after Supreme Court Rejects Apple's eBook Conspiracy Appeal.” The Digital Reader,https://the-digital-reader.com/2016/03/07/apple-hook-450m-settlement-supreme-court-rejects-apples-ebook-conspiracy-appeal/.
Retrieved Accessed on
Sept. ember 25,
2019.
Diane
Bartz, PoornimaGupta. “BUSINESS U.S. Sues Apple, Publishers in E-Book
Price Scheme.” Reuters,NEWSAPRIL 11, 2012 /
5:10 AM / 7 YEARS AGORetrieved on September 25, 2019. Fromhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-ebooks/u-s-sues-apple-publishers-in-e-book-price-scheme-idUSBRE8391JW20120411https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-ebooks/u-s-sues-apple-publishers-in-e-book-price-scheme-idUSBRE8391JW20120411. Accessed
Sept. 25, 2019.
Lyle
Denniston,. “Apple Loses Case on Its E-Book Selling
Tactics.” Scotusblog, Posted Mon,
March 7th, 2016, Retrieved on September 25, 2019. https://www.scotusblog.com/2016/03/apple-loses-case-on-its-e-book-selling-tactics/https://www.scotusblog.com/2016/03/apple-loses-case-on-its-e-book-selling-tactics/. Accessed
Sept. 25, 2019.
Feedback
Thank you
for your clear answers to the provided questions. However, always make sure
that the subject and the verb agree in number. Review proper capitalization
rules. Avoid expletive constructions. Use transitional devices to make the
paper more organized. Please visit these links to
learn more about the abovementioned issues:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/active_and_passive_voice/active_versus_passive_voice.html
I am sure
that your perseverance and hard work will soon pay off! Good luck on your
endeavors!
Best
regards,
Dennis.
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the paper is 70%.
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