i need you to answer
any 3 question each question should be 500 word ( own word no reference).
Attachments area
Midterm Intelligence Analysis
1. What is the difference between intelligence
and counterintelligence?
2. List and discuss two problems for the analyst.
3. List and discuss two analyst ‘personal
errors’.
4. What is the ‘paradox of experience’?
5. What is OSINT and what is its significance
to intelligence gathering and analysis?
6. What is ‘link analysis’ and how does it
assist in intelligence analysis?
Solution
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7.
What is the difference between
intelligence and counterintelligence?
Frequently the concept of
intelligence and counterintelligence are associated with the commercial
organization, state and military. The term intelligence is the base of success
of the planned coursed of action of the military officers and the detectives.
The intelligence officers and detective are able to collect all the information
that are the crucial in the process of decision making and then they implement
the plans in the way that they have already decided after the information
collection process to be successful. To make their plans successful and to find
out the right path to do so they firstly collected the current information
related to their current course of action and compares them with the pervious
information’s. If someone ask for helps to the intelligence agencies. They
suggested him to firstly make a request for the information. Then the proceeded
his request for help and then sent his RFI to intelligence agency requirement
managers for review the request after the review of the request for information
the manager passes the request to such person that was able to response his
request. The intelligence entity collects all relevant information about his
request through electronic recourses, open sources, from relevant people’s, and
through the interceptions of communication.
On the base of the importance
and urgency of his request the intelligence agency collect information within a
reasonable time period and make sure that all the process and procedure that
was followed by the intelligence agency unit officers are highly reliable and
information is correct that provided by them to the agency regarding request
for information by someone.
Then the intelligence agency
starts efforts to keep safe their people form the enemies with the regard of
counterintelligence. The concept of Counterintelligence defines the term to act
more efficiently. The intelligence unit
sent two or more member of its team to act as undercover agent in the enemy
organizations for the collection of the all relevant worthwhile information
that made successful their plans against their enemy’s strategies. It is the
responsibility of the intelligence unit members to make their plans successful.
The members of the
counterintelligence face many dangers and hazards when they make efforts to
make their plan successful against their enemies. The many units of the
counterintelligence agencies of the government speared around the different
organization at different location for the aim of collecting sustainable and
sensible information’s for the protection of their country from the enemy
countries. Every country has some
threats from their enemies that why all countries establish intelligence and
counterintelligence units for the protection of their people’s.
8.
What is ‘link analysis’ and how
does it assist in intelligence analysis?
Link analysis is the specific
analysis technique which majorly focuses
on the connections as well as relationships in a dataset. Link analysis provides the opportunity to calculate the
centrality measures such as degree, eigenvector, closeness and betweenness.
After that, the connections are analyzed
on the link map or link chart. Link analysis is very beneficial in most of the
investigations because it uses a network of interconnected links plus to nodes
to evaluate and then analyze the relationships which are normally not visible
in the data raw. In link analysis majorly nodes are used for the evaluation of
relationship. The relationship can be drawn among the different nodes including
transactions, organizations and people.
There are following some of the key networks which can be
used:
1.
Social networks which highlight that who talks to whom
2.
Conflict networks which display the alliances of
connections among different players.
3.
There can be an airline
network which shows the airports who have connecting
flights
4.
Semantic networks are especially for illustrating topic relations.
Link analysis majorly used for the
investigation of criminal activity such as fraud detection, intelligence and
counterterrorism. Although there are some of the other areas in which it is
also used such as for the computer security analysis, market research, search
engine optimization and medical research.
In the intelligence analysis, link
analysis plays a vital role because it helps in identifying the key criminal or
reason for the crime. For instance, if an
intelligence analyst is investigating a criminal network then the analyst can use different nodes for this
purpose. the very first node can be the cell phone records which will help in
identifying the relationship as well as hierarchy between the members of the network. The different cellphone numbers can be
traced from there which are being frequently called. Then the next node can be
the evaluation of the personal information of these numbers for knowing them
more effectively. After evaluating the addresses, occupation and other
necessary general information the special agents can be used for tracing them
and keeping the close eye on them. however, on the correct time, the force can arrest them with proper
evidence.
This technique is quite beneficial
for the analysts during the investigation
of sensitive cases however, there are some of the challenges which the
intelligence analysts can face during this procedure for example, a large number of data and information has been
stored electronically due to which analysts can find plenty of unrelated
sources which can increase the time for data sorting. Moreover, the analysts
need to be equipped with strong interpersonal skills only then they can make
the effective and efficient use of available data. Link analysis works best in
those situations in which the limited observations are included like events and entities but if a large number of observations start to populate
the case file then the functionality of this procedure can be deteriorated.
To overcome the challenges of data
analysis artificial intelligence can be used which provide a range of techniques like data mining, pattern
recognition, neural networks, expert systems and machine learning techniques.
9. What
is OSINT and what is its significance to intelligence gathering and analysis?
The word OSINT
define the term of open sources intelligence. It is the key factors by which
you can understand the concept of cybersecurity the biggest issues faced by the
different organization in these days. In the late of 1980s the United States
military started to use term of OSINT to re-examine the information and to
finalize the course of action that they needed to adopt during the battle to
win the fight.
The act of
Intelligence reorganization 1992 the main aim of Intel collection consists of
the key terms of;
·
The intelligence must
be free of prejudice and objective.
·
The information’s
collected must be available by and on the public and Non-Public recourses.
At the time of
originate of OSINT the Non-Public resources not considered. The open source
information collected from the internet such as from the web pages, blogs and
social media cards that are public source of information. But over the time the
military and other defense officers understood the importance of these
information sources and they also started considering them because majority of
the time they contain certain clues which cannot be ignored as they provide a
strong connection to the right path. If one miss them then there are chances
that one can miss an important clue.
In the 21st century, intelligence has become activity-based
which majorly depend on the analysis of information which is either collected
from open source or academic sources. OSINT is contributing significantly in
the intelligence procedure mainly due to the advancement
of technology. The need for OSINT
developed after the massive incident of 9 September
2011. Now the government and non-government departments which are operating in
the fields like public order, security and defence
are effectively collaborating and cooperating with the public through the virtual world. Intelligence cycle is the
procedure through which unrefined data is polished for the use of customers.
There are six distinctive steps involved in the intelligence cycle. The first step is the collection of data then
the next step is to acquiring and provision of information to the processing
plus production of components. Collection procedure comprised of various
activities like human source operations, technical and physical surveillance,
liaison relationships and interviews.
OSINT
has benefited the organizations a lot because previously the intelligence was
only relying on sophisticated surveillance through satellites which could only
count the number of tanks and missiles which are the possession of terrorist
group, however, now the intelligence
keenly analyzes all the information which is available on the rogue states and
terrorist groups. Majority of the defence
organizations are using GKG (Google Knowledge Graph) which is introduced in the
USA in the year 2013 and it is also available in Romania. This system has the
capability to understand the facts regarding persons, things and places and
then it can draw the connection among them. GKG also used to improve the
efficiency of Google search with the semantic
search which is added from the variety of sources. The major goal of this
program is to facilitate the user in data analysis and he does not have to
shift on other sites for the assemblage of manual information and then
resolving the query.
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